The+end+of+Vietnam


 * **NIXON AND VIETNAM**

Ho Chi Minh Trail
 * Nixon's Vietnam policy -Vietnamization****- the policy for winding down the war**
 * troops were withdrawn, training and equipment was given to South Vietnamese, by 1972, only 24,200 troops remained
 * The Viet Cong continued to be supplied through the
 * However, bombing raids increased, hurting the supply lines of North Vietnam - the bombing expanded to other countries - Laos and Cambodia
 * U.S. ground forces invaded Cambodia in spring 1970 – this led to more opposition
 * May 4, 1970 - National Guard shoots upon students, and 4 die. Nixon loses support, and Gulf of Tonkin is repealed.
 * When Nixson sent troops into cambodia that just got people upset again. in fact 4 college students were shot on college campus. only one of those students were achually protesting the other three were just walking form class.
 * more were killed after in America

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 * Peace talks -1972 - between Henry Kissinger and Le Duc Tho**

In July, word leaked that Henry Kissinger had been meeting privately in Paris with the North Vietnamese Foreign Secretary
 * in October, only days before the election, Kissinger announced that " Peace is at hand"
 * several weeks later, after the election, talks broke down again
 * January 27, 1973 - agreement on ending the war and restoring peace in Vietnam
 * U.S. troops leave Vietnam, POW's released, cease-fire between the North and South

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 * [[image:turningpoints/usnp003.jpg caption="usnp003.jpg"]] || = THE FALL OF SAIGON =


 * North Vietnames troops march into the capital of South Vietnam- Saigon
 * After a few battles, North Vietnamese take over US embassy
 * Vietnam is reunited under communism
 * North Vietnam ultimately wins war

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 * The Legacy of Vietnam**


 * In Southeast Asia:**
 * 1.5 million Vietnamese deaths
 * countless Vietnamese civilians wounded, homeless
 * agrarian society in shambles
 * Southeast Asia left highly unstable
 * Cambodia fell to communism after terror


 * In America: America Copes**
 * 58,000 Americans killed
 * 365,000 wounded
 * $150 billion in direct costs
 * U.S. attempts to come to grips with a "loss" - blow to self-esteem


 * Several major U.S. changes as a result of the conflict**
 * government abolished the draft, which had stirred up so much of the antiwar sentiment
 * War Powers act - curb the power of the President for making war - US forces are sent into a hostile area without a declaration of war - the troops may only stay there 90 days unless Congress approves of the action and/or declares war
 * altered American foreign policy - risks are considered, because no one wants another Vietnam
 * overall cynicism in Americans about their government and their political leaders -

The **Disillusionment** of those who served
 * **veterans** **extended a cold hand**
 * **some veterans suffered from** **stress**
 * many citizens embittered toward government
 * entire generation of Americans was affected

In southeast Asia...
 * [[image:http://img2.imagesbn.com/images/113970000/113976356.JPG caption="external image 113976356.JPG"]] || **WHAT IS THE LEGACY OF VIETNAM? WHAT DO YOU THINK?**
 * 1.5 million vietnamese deaths
 * coutnless vietnamese civilians wounded, homless
 * agarian society in shambles

US effect
 * 58,00 americans killed
 * 365,000 wounded
 * $150 billion direct costs
 * US. attempts to come t grips with "loss"-blow to self esteem
 * Cahngesin us policy
 * governemtn abolishes the draft
 * war powers act-curb the power of the president
 * altered american foreign policy
 * overall cynicism in americnas

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